The Judgment of the Court was delivered by KULDIP SINGH, J.- Special leave granted.
2.The Railway Recruitment Board, Patna, held written examination followed by viva voce test for selection and recruitment to various posts of non-technical popular categories in the Eastern Railway. A panel of selected candidates was prepared and published. Meanwhile in an investigation, conducted on a complaint received by the railway authorities, it was found that unfair means were adopted by the candidates at Centre No. 115 (Katihar). The question for consideration before the Central Administrative Tribunal (Tribunal) was whether in such a situation the railway authorities could cancel the selection and empanelment of the candidates from Centre No. 1] 5 and direct them to sit in the written examination again? If so, could it be done without complying with the rules of natural justice? The Tribunal answered the questions in the negative and quashed the order of the railway authorities calling upon the candidates to sit in the written examination once over again. This appeal by way of special leave is against the judgment of the Tribunal.
3.The Railway Recruitment Board, Patna invited applications for selection and recruitment to various posts of non-technical popular categories in the Eastern Railway. The selection was to be made as a result of written examination and a viva voce test. A large number of candidates including the respondents appeared in the written test from various centers in the city of Katihar. All the respondents, in the appeal herein, sat for the written examination at Centre No. 115 called "Darshan Shah 665 Mahavidyalaya", Katihar. It is not disputed that the respondents qualified in the written examination as well as in the viva voce test and their names were included in the panel of selected candidates which was published on 23-9- 1988. Meanwhile a complaint dated 1-9-1988 was received by the railway authorities wherein it was alleged that large- scale unfair means were adopted by the candidates such as leakage of question papers and mass copying at Centre No. II 5, Katihar.
4.Mr Altaf Ahmed, learned Additional Solicitor General, appearing for the appellants has placed on record the copies of the complaint, inquiry reports and noting part of the file (confidential) for our consideration. Secretary (Vigilance), Railway Board directed an inquiry into the complaint through General Manager (Vigilance). Preliminary investigation report was sent to the Secretary on 30-11- 1988. Finally the Deputy Director (Vigilance) held detailed inquiry into the allegations and sent his report dated 19-7- 1989 to the Executive Director (Vigilance). The report was examined in detail at various levels in the Railway Ministry and finally a decision was taken that 35 candidates of Centre No. 115 be subjected to a fresh written examination. It was further decided that marks already obtained by them in the viva voce examination would be taken into account. It was further directed to complete the fresh examination within a period of one and a half months. The file shows that the decision was finally approved by the Minister-in- charge.
5.As mentioned above, the decision of the appellants directing the respondents to appear in a written examination once again was challenged by them before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Calcutta. The Tribunal by the impugned judgment dated 20-12-1991 set aside the order of the appellants and directed the appellants to make the appointments on the basis of the panel which was published on 23-9-1988. While issuing notice in the special leave petition this Court stayed the operation of the impugned judgment of the Tribunal.
6.The Tribunal set aside the order, directing the respondents to sit in the written examination again, on the short ground that a panel of selected candidates having been prepared and published the same could not be cancelled without assigning any reason and without affording an opportunity to the empanelled candidates. We are of the view that in the facts and circumstances of this case the Tribunal fell into patent error in interfering with the order of the appellants.
7.The inquiry report and the noting on the file show that the railway authorities rightly came to the conclusion that there was large-scale copying at Centre No. 115 Katihar. The inquiry report reveals that overall pass percentage in the written examination for all the centers at Katihar was 0.6% whereas the pass percentage in two rooms at Centre No. 115 alone was 45.4%. It would be useful to have a look at the following data relied upon by the railway authorities :
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Location CandidatesPassed Written Pass %age
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============================================================ General Manager (Vigilance) in para 4 of preliminary investigation dated 19-1-1989 addressed to Secretary (Vigilance) Railway Board has stated that S/Shri A.K. Pandey and A.K. Kamati named in the complaint appeared in the written examination from the Staff Room and both of them have secured the highest marks in the centre and both of them have given identical "wrong and correct" answers. The wrong answers cannot be identical unless the two candidates have copied from the same source. The main allegation in the complaint was that the paper was leaked beforehand and the answers were supplied to these two candidates who were the wards of the railway employees. It was further alleged in the complaint that these two candidates further sold the pre-solved answers to the other candidates in the Centre. One of the complainants himself was a candidate and appeared from the same Centre. Bibha Kumari another candidate filed a statement before the Inquiry Officer saying that she was a candidate in the selection and appeared in the written test from Centre No. 1 15. She stated that examination started late and in the examination hall chits were being supplied to the particular candidates.
8. The railway authorities, relying upon the material placed on the record by the inquiring agency came to the conclusion that it was not safe to make appointments based on the written examination wherein unfair means were adopted on a large scale. We see no ground to differ with the conclusions reached by the railway authorities. The Tribunal was wholly unjustified in interfering with the order of the appellants calling upon the respondents to sit in the written examination again.
9.This Court has repeatedly held that the rules of natural justice cannot be put in a strait-jacket. Applicability of these rules depends upon the facts and circumstances relating to each particular given situation. Out of the total candidates who appeared in the written test at the Centre concerned only 35 candidates qualified the test. In that situation the action of the railway authorities in directing the 35 candidates of Centre No. 115 to appear in a fresh written examination virtually amounts to canceling the result of the said centre. Although it would have been fair to call upon all the candidates who appeared from Centre No. 115 to take the written examination again but in the facts and circumstances of this case no fault can be found with the action of the railway authorities in calling upon only 35 (empanelled candidates) to take the examination afresh. The purpose of a competitive examination is to select the most suitable candidates for appointment to public services. It is entirely different than an examination held by a college or university to award degrees to the candidates appearing at the examination. Even if a candidate is selected he may still be not appointed for a justifiable reason. In the present case the railway authorities have rightly 667 refused to make appointments on the basis of the written examination wherein unfair means were adopted by the candidates. No candidate had been debarred or disqualified from taking the exam. To make sure that the deserving candidates are selected the respondents have been asked to go through the process of written examination once again. We are of the view that there is no violation of the rules of natural justice in any manner in the facts and circumstances of this case.
10. We, therefore, allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of the Tribunal and dismiss the application of the respondents filed before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Calcutta. No costs.