submitted that the relevant date would be the date of conviction and not the date of commission of the offence.
8. Prior to the amendment by the Himachal Pradesh Amendment Act, Section 61(1)(a) read as follows :
"61.(1) Penalty for unlawful import, export, transport, manufacture, possession, etc.: Whoever, in contravention of any section of this Act or of any rule, notification issued or given thereunder or order made, or of any license, permit or pass granted under this Act,-
(a) imports, exports, transports, manufactures, collects or possesses any (intoxicant); or
(b) ... ... ...
(c) ... ... ...
shall be punishable for every such offence with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine upto two thousand rupees and if found in possession of a working still for the manufacture of any intoxicant shall be punishable with the minimum sentence of six months imprisonment and fine of two hundred rupees."
9. A bare reading of the above provision makes it clear that though the maximum sentence was prescribed, there was no minimum sentence prescribed.
10. It is trite law that the sentence imposable on the date of commission of the offence has to determine the sentence imposable on completion of trial. This position is clear even on a bare reading of Article 20(1) of the Constitution of India, 1950 (in short, 'the Constitution'). The said provision reads as under:
"20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.-(1) No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence."
11. Wills in his Constitutional Law of the United States (at page
516) brought out a lucid classification of the penal law which are ex post facto :
(i) when they make criminal an act which was innocent when done;
(ii) when they make a crime greater than it was when it was committed;
(iii) when they make the punishment greater than the punishment was at the time the act was committed;
(iv) when they change the rule of evidence as to deprive a defendant of a substantive right; and
(v) when they make retrospective qualifications for an offence which are out a proper exercise of the police power.
Under Article 20(1) of the Constitution what is prohibited is the conviction and sentence in criminal proceedings under ex post facto law.
12. Considering the quantity of illicit liquor seized and the passage of time, while upholding the conviction, we restrict the period of sentence to the one already undergone.
13. The bail bonds executed to give effect to the order of bail dated 09th September 2002 shall stand discharged.
14. The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent.